In C-ELVIS, what does the letter V stand for?

In C-ELVIS, what does the letter V stand for?

• A. Capacity
• B. Effect on hearer
• C. Verbal act
• D. Legally operative facts

Answer: (C)

V stands for Verbal act. In C-ELVIS, each letter flags a facet involved in forming a binding contractual communication, with the V specifically pointing to how the terms are conveyed—through words, whether spoken or written. The idea is that the contract arises from the observable act of communicating the offer or assent, not from internal thoughts or nonverbal cues. The other parts map to Capacity, Effect on hearer, Legally operative facts, Intent, and Signatures, which is why Verbal act is the best fit for V.

V stands for Verbal act. In C-ELVIS, each letter flags a facet involved in forming a binding contractual communication, with the V specifically pointing to how the terms are conveyed—through words, whether spoken or written. The idea is that the contract arises from the observable act of communicating the offer or assent, not from internal thoughts or nonverbal cues. The other parts map to Capacity, Effect on hearer, Legally operative facts, Intent, and Signatures, which is why Verbal act is the best fit for V.